Accessibility gaps in menstrual products: An environmental scan of access programs in Canada (2025)

Research Article

28 April 2025

Authors: Jordan Monks, Arlette Ibrahim, Aki M. Gormezano https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8676-130X, and Nathan J. Lachowsky https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6336-8780Author information and affiliations

Publication: The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality

Volume 34, Number 1

Get Access

Abstract

Globally, people who menstruate do not have equitable access to menstrual products. Menstrual hygiene and equitable access to menstrual products are important for mental, emotional, and physical health. While past research shows that there is menstrual inequity on a global level, less is known about access to menstrual products specifically in Canada. In the present study, the authors conducted a bilingual (English and French) online environmental scan to determine the extent to which people in Canada who menstruate have access to the products they need. Specifically, they examined programs and organizations in Canada that distribute and/or support access to menstrual products. The authors found that many programs targeted school-aged youth. By contrast, few initiatives focused on the workplace, and there were fewer programs in rural and small communities compared with large urban populations. The results highlight gaps in program type and locale that could be used to improve menstrual equity.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Get Access

References

Belec, H. (2024, May 30). Access to menstrual products in federally regulated prisons in Canada—Centre for Human Rights Research. https://chrr.info/blog/reflection/access-to-menstrual-products-in-federally-regulated-prisons-in-canada/

Cardoso, L. F., Scolese, A. M., Hamidaddin, A., & Gupta, J. (2021). Period poverty and mental health implications among college-aged women in the United States. BMC Women’s Health, 21(1), 14.

Caruso, B. A., Cooper, H. L. F., Haardörfer, R., Yount, K. M., Routray, P., Torondel, B., & Clasen, T. (2018). The association between women’s sanitation experiences and mental health: A cross-sectional study in Rural, Odisha India. SSM—Population Health, 5, 257–266.

CBC News. (2019, January 03). Moon Time Sisters helping girls and women in Far North communities | CBC News. www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/moon-time-sisters-1.4963937

Charlton, P., Doucet, S., Azar, R., Nagel, D. A., Boulos, L., Luke, A., Mears, K., Kelly, K. J., & Montelpare, W. J. (2019). The use of the environmental scan in health services delivery research: A scoping review protocol. BMJ Open, 9(9), e029805.

Chrisler, J. C., Gorman, J. A., Manion, J., Murgo, M., Barney, A., Adams-Clark, A., Newton, J. R., & McGrath, M. (2016). Queer periods: Attitudes toward and experiences with menstruation in the masculine of centre and transgender community. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 18(11), 1238–1250.

Conseil du statut de la femme. (2021). Faciliter l’accès aux produits menstruels: mesures possibles [Council on the Status of Women].

Crenshaw, K. W. (2013). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. In The public nature of private violence (pp. 93–118). Routledge.

Farid, H. (2021, June 1). Period equity: What it is and why it matters. Harvard Health. www.health.harvard.edu/blog/period-equity-what-is-it-why-does-it-matter-202106012473

Frank, S. E. (2020). Queering menstruation: trans and non‐binary identity and body politics. Sociological Inquiry, 90(2), 371–404.

Google. (n.d.). Programmable search engine: About. Retrieved 16 August 2024 from https://programmablesearchengine.google.com/about/

Hankivsky, O., Grace, D., Hunting, G., Giesbrecht, M., Fridkin, A., Rudrum, S., Ferlatte, O., & Clark, N. (2014). An intersectionality-based policy analysis framework: critical reflections on a methodology for advancing equity. International Journal for Equity in Health, 13(1), 119.

Horton, A., & Smith, L. (2024). Menstrual pains of imprisonment: Reproductive health in Canadian prisons. www.douglascollege.ca/about-douglas/learn-about-douglas/research-college/research-centres/menstrual-cycle-research-group

Israel, B. A., Schulz, A. J., Parker, E. A., & Becker, A. B. (1998). Review of community-based research: assessing partnership approaches to improve public health. Annual Review of Public Health, 19(1), 173–202.

Johnston-Robledo, I., & Chrisler, J. C. (2013). The menstrual mark: Menstruation as social stigma. Sex Roles, 68(1), 9–18.

Kuhlmann, A. S., Key, R., Billingsley, C., Shato, T., Scroggins, S., & Teni, M. T. (2020). Students’ menstrual hygiene needs and school attendance in an urban St. Louis, Missouri, district. Journal of Adolescent Health, 67(3), 444–446.

Law, S. (2024, June 14). Inmates at Kenora District Jail not getting proper access to menstrual products, advocates say. CBC News. www.cbc.ca/news/canada/thunder-bay/kenora-district-jail-menstrual-products-1.7233876

Lukindo, M., Price, V., & Pike, M. (2022). Estimating the impact of menstrual poverty on adolescents in Nova Scotia. Paediatrics & Child Health, 27(7), 421–428.

Male, V. (2022, December 21). COVID vaccines can temporarily affect menstruation, and studying that matters. Scientific American. www.scientificamerican.com/article/covid-vaccines-can-temporarily-affect-menstruation-and-studying-that-matters/

Mann, S., & Byrne, S. K. (2023). Period poverty from a public health and legislative perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(23), 7118.

NANOS. (2019). Female and male views on menstruation in Canada: Survey. Plan International Canada. https://nanos.co/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/2019-1432-Plan-Female-and-Male-Compiled-with-Tabs.pdf

Pelley, L. (2022, October 8). COVID shots can impact period timing, studies suggest. Women were already wondering | CBC News. CBC. www.cbc.ca/news/health/covid-vaccines-menstrual-cycle-timing-1.6606802

Rawat, G., Tyagi, A., & Saxena, C. (2020). Menstrual hygiene: A salubrious approach to curb gynecological problems. Women’s Health Care and Analysis, 1(1).

Regional Health-Americas T. L. (2022). Menstrual health: A neglected public health problem. The Lancet Regional Health–Americas, 15, 100399.

Rushowy, S. (2021, 8 October). Free menstrual products coming to Ontario schools, Education Minister Stephen Lecce announces. Thestar.com. www.thestar.com/politics/provincial/2021/10/08/free-menstrual-products-coming-to-ontario-schools-education-minister-stephen-lecce-announces.html

Salimi, Y., Shahandeh, K., Malekafzali, H., Loori, N., Kheiltash, A., Jamshidi, E., Frouzan, A. S., & Majdzadeh, R. (2012). Is community-based participatory research (CBPR) useful? A systematic review on papers in a decade. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 3(6), 386–393.

Salut Bonjour. (2022, June 8). Ludivine Reding s’associe à une cause féminine importante [Ludivine Reding partners with an important women’s cause]. Salut Bonjour. Retrieved October 2024, from https://www.salutbonjour.ca/2022/06/08/ludivine-reding-sassocie-a-une-cause-feminine-importante

Seeber, E. (2021, March 25). B.C. women working to end period poverty in remote Indigenous communities. Prince George Citizen. www.princegeorgecitizen.com/local-news/bc-women-working-to-end-period-poverty-in-remote-indigenous-communities-3743153

Seed, L., Biju, A., & Johnson, E. (2022). Period product insecurity in higher education: A call for change. BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health, 48(4), 313–314.

Shamaeva, I., & Galley, D. M. (2021). Custom Search-Discover more:: A complete guide to Google programmable search engines. Chapman and Hall/CRC.

Statista Search Department. (2018, July). Sanitary product sales volume in Canada in 2018, by product type. Statista. www.statista.com/statistics/877660/sanitary-product-sales-volume-canada/

Sommer, M., Phillips-Howard, P. A., Gruer, C., Schmitt, M. L., Nguyen, A.-M., Berry, A., Kochhar, S., Gorrell Kulkarni, S., Nash, D., & Maroko, A. R. (2022). Menstrual product insecurity resulting from COVID-19—Related income loss, United States, 2020. American Journal of Public Health, 112(4), 675–684.

Sumpter, C., & Torondel, B. (2013). A systematic review of the health and social effects of menstrual hygiene management. PLoS One, 8(4), e62004.

Réseau de santé Horizon. (2020, August 15). Un bel exemple qui démontre que les jeunes de la province contribuent à la création de collectivités saines [A great example of how young people in the province are helping build healthy communities]. https://horizonnb.ca/fr/echos-de-nos-collectivites/un-bel-exemple-qui-demontre-que-les-jeunes-de-la-province-contribuent-a-la-creation-de-collectivites-saines/

Weiss-Wolf, J. (2015, January 29). Providing women with menstrual products can advance rights, Reproductive Justice. KFF. www.kff.org/news-summary/providing-women-with-menstrual-products-can-advance-rights-reproductive-justice/

Woman and Gender Equality Canada. (2022, May 27). Statement by Minister Marci Ien and Parliamentary Secretary Jenna Sudds on Menstrual Hygiene Day. www.canada.ca/en/women-gender-equality/news/2022/05/statement-by-minister-marci-ien-and-parliamentary-secretary-jenna-sudds-on-menstrual-hygiene-day.html

Woman and Gender Equality Canada. (2023, March 31). Attitudes and awareness of menstrual equity and period poverty among Canadians. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2023/fegc-wage/SW21-189-2023-eng.pdf

Young, I. M. (2005). On female body experience: “Throwing like a girl” and other essays. Oxford University Press.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality

Volume 34Number 1April 2025

Pages: 75 - 82

Copyright

© Sex Information and Education Council of Canada. The publisher holds the copyright for the article.

History

Received: 25 November 2024

Revision received: 10 February 2025

Accepted: 11 February 2025

Published in print: April 2025

Published online: 28 April 2025

Keywords:

  1. Environmental scan
  2. menstrual inequity
  3. reproductive health
  4. social determinants of health

Authors

Affiliations

Jordan Monks

School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

View all publications by this author

Arlette Ibrahim

School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

View all publications by this author

School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

View all publications by this author

School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Institute for Aging and Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

View all publications by this author

Notes

FUNDING: The authors acknowledge the support of Women and Gender Equality Canada, which made this valuable project possible.

CORRESPONDENCE concerning this article should be addressed to Nathan Lachowsky, University of Victoria, 8205, School of Public Health and Social Policy, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, University of Victoria, 8205, Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. E-mail: [emailprotected].

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

VIEW ALL METRICS

Related Content

Citations

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.


Download article citation data for:

Accessibility gaps in menstrual products: An environmental scan of access programs in Canada

Jordan Monks, Arlette Ibrahim, Aki M. Gormezano, and Nathan J. Lachowsky

The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 2025 34:1, 75-82

View Options

Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart

Online

Restore your content access

Note: This functionality works only for purchases done as a guest. If you already have an account, log in to access the content to which you are entitled.

View options

PDF

View PDF

EPUB

View EPUB

Full Text

View Full Text

Figures

Tables

Media

Accessibility gaps in menstrual products: An environmental scan of access programs in Canada (2025)

References

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Recommended Articles
Article information

Author: Catherine Tremblay

Last Updated:

Views: 5706

Rating: 4.7 / 5 (47 voted)

Reviews: 86% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Catherine Tremblay

Birthday: 1999-09-23

Address: Suite 461 73643 Sherril Loaf, Dickinsonland, AZ 47941-2379

Phone: +2678139151039

Job: International Administration Supervisor

Hobby: Dowsing, Snowboarding, Rowing, Beekeeping, Calligraphy, Shooting, Air sports

Introduction: My name is Catherine Tremblay, I am a precious, perfect, tasty, enthusiastic, inexpensive, vast, kind person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.